A type of display using thin-film transistors (TFT) to individually control each pixel. Active matrix displays offer higher contrast ratios, wider viewing angles, and faster response times than passive matrix displays.
The ratio of width to height. When an image is displayed on different screens, the aspect ratio must be kept the same to avoid 'stretching' in either the vertical or horizontal direction. Aspect ratios are typically 4:3 and 16:9 (or 16:10) for monitors and high-definition televisions (HDTV) respectively.
A frame of plastic or metal that fits around the LCD glass screen to protect the edges of the glass, provide electro static discharge (ESD) and reinforce the LCD panel structure.
The attribute of visual perception in accordance with which an area appears to emit more or less light. (Luminance is the recommended name for the photo-electric quantity which has also been called brightness.)
Measured in degrees Kelvin, color temperature is a reference providing a standard for defining standard colors emitted from computer displays. 6500K is close to the European TV standard and close to the white color under the sun at noon.
A phenomenon occurring when voltage leaks from an energized element to an adjacent OFF element and turns the adjacent element partially ON, making them slightly visible.
A digital flat panel interface introduced by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG). Although other interfaces have been introduced, DVI is expected to become the industry standard.
A communication channel for the transmission of information between a display monitor and a PC that allows for automatic configuration of the hardware. In other words, "Plug and Play" compatibility.
The frequency with which dots (or pixels) are illuminated on the screen; how quickly a single dot can be produced on the screen. A general formula for calculating dot frequency is: H x V x refresh-rate x 1.25 (to 1.3).
The distance between one pixel to an adjacent pixel (not sub pixel). Dot pitch gives a general idea of a display panel's ability to produce sharp images.
Level of brightness for each color. Currently, 8-bit-depth driver IC can perform 28=256 levels of brightness for each color, Red, Green and Blue. The total colors of 8-bit-depth driver IC is 256*256*256=16.77M colors.
A new digital television broadcasting system available in several standard resolutions, all of which are higher than traditional formats (NTSC, SECAM and PAL). The video aspect ratio of the HDTV is 16:9, and audio specification of HDTV is Dolby Digital (AC-3).
A technology that improves the optical transmission ratio and realizes very high resolution with ultra fine pitch by applying poly-film to the TFT array.
Developed to improve viewing angles and color reproduction of TN panels. Single domain IPS has slight color shifting at certain viewing angles, whereas dual domain IPS has less color shifting.
A term related to the issue of display brightness (CRT, LCD, and PDP) decreasing with age. Display lifetime is defined as the time that the brightness of the display decays to half of the original state.
A type of liquid crystal which aligns vertically in the voltage-off state and where the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in multiple orientations.
The analog television system used in the United States, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and some other countries, mostly in the Americas. Named for the National Television System(s) Committee, the U.S. standardization body that adopted it, NTSC standard has an aspect ratio of 4:3 and a resolution 720*480.
In the traditional liquid crystal injection method, the cell is vacuum-filled through a capillary effect after two glass substrates are assembled. The ODF method drops the liquid crystal directly on the glass substrate prior to the assembling of the two substrates.
A type of flat panel display (also known as a "gas discharge display") now commonly used for large TV displays (typically above 32"). Cells located between two panels of glass hold an inert mixture of noble gases (neon and xenon), which is electrically charged to ionize and form a plasma; as the gas ions rush to the electrodes and collide, photons are emitted.
The frequency with which the entire image on the screen is redrawn. The refresh rate is measured in hertz, therefore, a refresh rate of 60 Hz, means the image is redrawn 60 times per second.
Refers to the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed or the physical number of columns and rows of pixels creating the display.
The amount of time a pixel in a display takes to go from 10% (on) to 90% (on) or 90% (off) to 10% (off) of brightness. Lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts.
A color space defined by Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard with the aim of color matching between applications and hardware devices such as monitors, scanners, printers, and digital cameras.
A process wherein the LCD driver or controller electronics are encapsulated in a thin, film like package, with metal leads extension from the IC chips.
A type of LCD flat-panel display screen, in which each pixel is controlled by one to four transistors. TFT technology provides the best resolution of all the current flat-panel technologies. TFT screens are sometimes called active-matrix LCDs.
Acts as an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) for connecting X and Y data information. The weight and cost of LCD module has been further reduced through the use of WOA and COG.
